The unclos stands for united nations convention on the law of the sea unclos, also called the law of the sea convention or the law of the sea treaty. Unclos established the eez as a relevant regime extending to a. The law of the sea convention defines the rights and responsibilities of nations with respect to. In the exclusive economic zone, the coastal state has jurisdiction with regard to the estab lishment and use of artificial islands, installations and structures, marine. Selected preparatory documents in chronological order. Exclusive economic zone international law britannica. Exclusive economic zone eez the concept of eez was emerged for the economic purposes of the coastal state. The continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone. Nations conventions on the law of the sea, 1982 unclos. Rights and duties of other states in the exclusive economic zone. He notes that the evolution of the exclusive economic zone concept took place in the developing world. Application to ships and aircraft of new zealand defence. The eez or the exclusive economic zone is a concept adopted by the third united nations.
The exclusive economic zone shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. Exclusive economic zone eez definition, explanation. The exclusive economic zone eez and the international seabed area constitute the main innovations of the new law of the sea whose highest expression is the 1982 united nations convention on the law of the sea unclos. In this zone the country can enforce laws only in 4 areas viz. United nations convention on the law of the sea wikipedia. Indonesian exclusive economic zone flanders marine institute 2019. Other articles where exclusive economic zone is discussed. In the exclusive economic zone, all states, whether coastal or landlocked, are subject to the relevant provisions of this convention, the freedoms of navigation and overflight and to the 1. Pdf on dec 29, 2018, tiziana melchiorre and others published military activities in the exclusive economic zone. State in the eez are limited by the freedoms of the high seas recognized to all states under. Marine regions indonesian exclusive economic zone eez. These are called exclusive economic zones eez and they are known as an innovation introduced by unclos. Amongst other things, it introduced the concept of the 200 mile 322 kilometre exclusive economic zones.
In the exclusive economic zone, all states, whether coastal or landlocked, enjoy, subject to the relevant provisions of this. According to this convention, a 200mile exclusive economic zone including the seabed and the water column, may be established by coastal states in. On december 10, 1982, nearly 120 countries signed the new united nations convention on the law of the sea, as one of the most significant international conferences. An exclusive economic zone eez is a concept adopted at the third united nations conference on the law of the sea 1982, whereby a coastal state assumes jurisdiction over the exploration and exploitation of marine resources in its adjacent section of the continental shelf, taken to be a band extending 200 miles from the shore. Based on the united nations convention of the law of the sea unclos, 1982 an exclusive economic zone is a maritime zone over which a state has sovereign rights for the exploration and use of marine resources. Beginning from santiago declaration and ending at unclos, 1982 and crossing various other declarations and conferences, one would find it safe to conclude that eez stands as progressive piece of development of international law. The united nations convention on the law of the sea unclos, also called the law of the sea convention or the law of the sea treaty, is the international agreement that resulted from the third united nations conference on the law of the sea unclos iii, which took place between 1973 and 1982. The negotiations were characterized by the traditional dichotomy. Maritime boundaries delimitation and dispute resolution in. Introduction the geneva conventions on the territorial sea and contiguous zone,1 the continental shelf,2 the high seas3 and the united nations law of the sea4 respec. It stretches from the baseline out to 200 nautical miles nmi from its coast. How exclusive is the exclusive economic zone maritime commons. It is the international agreement from the third united nations conference on law of the sea commonly known as unclos iii, between 1973 to 1982.
United nations convention on the law of the sea unclos. Pdf the legality of foreign military activities in the. Cont s took place from 1973 through 1982 s came into force in 1994, a year after guyana became the 60th state to sign the treaty. An international convention that came into force in 1994 and was designed to regulate all aspects of the resources of the sea and uses of the ocean. Actions by chinas maritime forces at the japanadministered senkaku islands in the east china sea ecs are another concern for u. United nations convention on the law of the sea contents page. Maritime boundary disputes, africa, unclos, delimitation, maritime, boundaries, border disputes, exclusive economic zone, continental shelf, high seas 1. Exclusive economic zone eez unlike other zones whose existence derived from earlier international law, the eez was a creation of the losc. Marine regions spanish exclusive economic zone eez. The legal nature of coastal states rights in the maritime areas. Unlike the territorial sea, the contiguous zone only gives jurisdiction to a state on the oceans surface and floor. Unclosii territorial waters exclusive economic zone.
Combating illegal fishing in the exclusive economic zone. In this article, you can read all about eezs, which is a part of both the economy and the geography segments of the upsc syllabus. The unclos came into force in 1994, and defines the rights and responsibilities of nations. Measurement of the breadth of the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf. Unclos of 10 december 1982 relating to the conservation and manage ment of straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks, 1995, 2167. Combating illegal fishing in the exclusive economic zone 385 million vessels,2 only 79. Exclusive economic zones eezs exclusive economic zones refers to the area from the edge of the territorial sea out to 200 nautical miles from the baseline.
Continental shelf of the coastal state defined earlier. This means that it is 24 nautical miles from the baseline limit. Rights and duties of other states in the exclusive. Beyond its territorial waters, every coastal country may establish an eez extending 370 km 200 nautical miles from shore. Unclos1982 and the new regime of exclusive economic zone. Maritime boundaries and exclusive economic zones 200nm, version 11. Spanish exclusive economic zone flanders marine institute 2019. An exclusive economic zone eez is a sea zone prescribed by the 1982 united nations. An exclusive economic zone eez is a sea zone prescribed by the 1982 united nations convention on the law of the sea over which a state has special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind. Unclos united nations convention on the law of the sea. Part v of that convention more precisely articles 55 to 75 provides for an exclusive economic zone extending 200 nautical miles seaward from the coast.
The following are the philippines submissions relating to the status of the features in the south china sea. The international court of justice and the law of the sea. Universalizing the law of the sea in the south china sea. Oecd glossary of statistical terms exclusive economic. An exclusive economic zone eez is a zone in the sea prescribed by the united nations convention on the law of the sea unclos over which a country has certain rights. Eez was enshrined in the new convention law of the sea, 1982. China strategic competition in south and east china. Virgin islands, the commonwealth of the northern mariana islands, and any other territory or possession over which the united states. Amongst other things, it introduced the concept of the 200 mile 322. It starts from the discussion of the principles of mare liberum and mare clausum, which are at the basis of the united nations convention of the law of the sea unclos. The key provision in unclos on the eez is article 55. A contentious issue of the international law of the sea find, read and cite all. This article analyses military activities in the exclusive economic zone eez from a legal point of view. The exclusive economic zone eez was a significant innovation of unclos.
Overview united nations convention on the law of the sea unclos 1982 quick reference. This act is administered by the ministry for the environment. Maritime territorial and exclusive economic zone eez. The eez is an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea. Exclusive economic zone eez regime in east asian waters. During negotiations for the united nations convention on the law of the sea unclos, military activities in another states exclusive economic zone eez. Y then new y exclusive economic zone eez were to be addressed by coastal states, whereas crimes committed on the high seas were to be.
The eez was supported by those states that considered. Exclusive economic zone eez extends no more than 200 nautical miles from the territorial sea baseline and is adjacent to the 12 nautical mile territorial sea of the u. Maritime territorial and exclusive economic zone eez disputes involving china congressional research service the united states, like most other countries, believes that coastal states under unclos have the right to regulate economic activities in their eezs, but do not have the right to regulate foreign military activities in their eezs. An analysis of the exclusivity of the exclusive economic zone begins with. These include contiguous waters, exclusive economic zone, and high seas. Continental shelf and in the exclusive economic zone defines the standards to be followed. Exclusive economic zone dutch caribbean biodiversity.
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